油介质下高速轮轨低黏着特性和撒砂试验研究

在车轮-钢轨高速滚动接触疲劳试验机上进行油介质下高速轮轨低黏着特性和增黏试验,研究油介质条件下不同速度、蠕滑率、轴质量以及撒砂对黏着系数的影响,最高试验线速度200 km/h。结果表明:黏着系数随蠕滑率的增加先增大、再微降随后趋于平稳,在蠕滑率3%左右达到最大;随着速度的增加,黏着系数呈快速下降趋势,如速度从50 km/h增加至200 km/h时,最大黏着系数从0.092下降至0.049;当轴质量由12 t增至16 t时,黏着系数仅略微增加了0.01;撒砂后,黏着系数约为未撒砂时的3倍左右,且依然随速度增加而降低;撒砂会使得试验后轮轨表面产生很多麻坑,从而增大了表面粗糙度,对增黏起到了一定作用,但增黏砂会对接触表面造成显著损伤,在极端条件下会促进滚动接触疲劳的萌生,威胁运行安全。     

Scheduling distributed flowshops with flexible assembly and set-up time to minimise makespan

The scheduling problems under distributed production or flexible assembly settings have achieved increasing attention in recent years. This paper considers scheduling the integration of these two environments and proposes an original distributed flowshop scheduling problem with flexible assembly and set-up time. Distributed production stage is deployed several homogeneous flowshop factories that process the jobs to be assembled into final products in the flexible assembly stage. The objective is to find a schedule, including a production subschedule for jobs and an assembly subschedule for products, to minimise the makespan. Such a scheduling problem involves four successive decisions: assigning jobs to production factories, sequencing jobs at every factory, designating an assembly machine for each product and sequencing products on each assembly machine. The computational model is first established, and then a constructive heuristic (TPHS) and two hybrid metaheuristics (HVNS and HPSO) are proposed. Numerical experiments have been carried out and results validate the algorithmic feasibility and effectiveness. TPHS can obtain reasonable solutions in a shorter time, while metaheuristics can report better solutions using more yet acceptable time. HPSO is statistically comparable yet less robust compared with HVNS for small-scale instances. For the large-scale case, HPSO outperforms HVNS on both effectiveness and robustness.     

冷连轧机带钢切边宽度自动设定研究

宽展是冷连轧机切边剪切边宽度设定的重要考虑因素。影响宽展的因素较多,若考虑各影响因素,建立宽展模型十分困难。为此,在满足生产需求的前提下,通过大量数据分析,拟合出宽展系数计算多项式,进而可计算出满足需求的考虑宽展的切边剪宽度设定值,并通过自动化系统的改造实现了切边剪宽度的自动设定。     

水平斜插板透空式防波堤消波性能数值模拟

通过改进已有的防波堤模型，建立了一种新型水平斜板透空式防波堤模型。基于VOF方法建立了波浪与水平斜板防波堤相互作用的数值模型。经数值模拟研究了该新型水平斜板防波堤结构对波浪透射系数的影响，主要考虑了斜板角度、波陡、相对板间距、相对板宽和相对出水高度等因素对防波堤消波效果的影响。模拟结果显示:①水平斜插板透空式防波堤比水平板透空式防波堤的消波效果好。在斜插板作用下，随着斜板角度增大，透射系数逐渐增大，但增幅逐渐减小；②随着波陡增大，透射系数先减后增；③随着水平板间距增加，透射系数增大；④随着防波堤相对板宽的增大，透射系数逐渐减小；⑤随着防波堤出水高度增加，透射系数先减后增。结果表明，该新型结构防波堤的消波效果显著，可以很好地消减波浪，应用前景良好。     

An up to date review of continuously variable speed wind turbines with mechatronic variable transmissions

As a promising and potential alternative to conventional fixed or variable speed wind turbines, continuously variable speed wind turbines (CVSWTs) with variable transmissions offer improved power efficiency and enhanced power control capabilities. The CVSWTs can be generally achieved by adapting mechatronic variable transmissions in the turbine drive train for continuously variable speed operations for wind turbines. Therefore, this paper serves to provide an up to date and exhaustive review of the CVSWTs with mechatronic variable transmissions such as mechanical variable transmission, electrical variable transmission, and power splitting transmission. In this paper, the analysis of CVSWTs with different mechatronic transmission topologies is performed regarding basic configurations, dynamic characteristics, control principles, and experimental or simulation results. Review results indicate the feasibility of applying CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions and highlight superiorities of the CVSWTs with power splitting transmission. The CVSWT with power splitting transmission will be particularly suitable for megawatt‐scale turbine systems and will hence increase the economic competitiveness of these turbines due to its large power capacity and high reliability. The directions or challenges for future investigations of CVSWTs with such mechatronic transmissions are also presented to foster in‐depth understanding of such CVSWTs and their control strategies.     

Enhanced transduction coefficient in piezoelectric PZT ceramics by mixing powders calcined at different temperatures

Large transduction coefficient ($d_{33}\times g_{33}$) is difficult to obtain in piezoelectric ceramics because these two parameters show opposite trends with compositional modifications. Herein, the Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ ceramic powders were calcinated under different temperatures (A:830 °C, B:860 °C, and C:890 °C), and then mixed together according to different weight ratios (1A:1B:1C, 1A:2B:1C, 1A:2B:3C and 3A:2B:1C) for ceramics preparation. Both d₃₃ and g₃₃ are improved successfully, and the transduction coefficient with the weight ratio of 1A:2B:3C reaches up to 17,500 × 10⁻¹⁵ m²/N, which is 60 % higher than that with the powders calcinated under 830 °C, and at least twice those of commercial PZT-4, PZT-5A and PZT-8 ceramics. The improved transduction coefficient is owing to the enhanced piezoelectric constant and spontaneous polarization resulted from the increased grain size, relative density and the fraction of tetragonal phase. These results indicate that this is a simple but effective way to tailor the transduction coefficient in piezoelectric ceramics.     

机电控制无级变速器执行机构动态响应特性仿真研究

为研究夹紧力可调的机电控制无级变速器（EMCVT）电控电动执行机构的可靠性，及其速比和从动带轮夹紧力动态响应的影响因素，采用MATLAB/Simulink构建了EMCVT执行机构的动力学模型，设计了针对EMCVT电控电动执行机构的速比和夹紧力闭环控制器。对EMCVT输入转矩突变和目标速比突变两种工况进行了仿真分析，仿真结果表明：速比和从动带轮夹紧力动态响应的超调量和调节时间满足CVT的使用要求，从动带轮夹紧力响应时间小于1s，速比变化率可以达到2；EMCVT速比和从动带轮夹紧力动态响应的主要影响因素是执行电动机的负载和转动方向。     

Planetary motion cross bar friction test for application in machining process

This paper describes a new method to evaluate the friction coefficient at the tool-work interface in machining process where high stress and temperature are caused. In order to examine the feasibility of the proposed method, the present report introduces the method and the results obtained only at room temperature. Ti6Al4V, SUS304, AISI1045, FCD 700, FCD 450 and FC300 were used as work materials, while TiN coated carbide tool, TiAlN coated carbide tool and P15 were used as tool materials. The proposed method provided the friction coefficients of different coatings against different work materials, and demonstrated the variability of friction coefficient and the anisotropy of surface roughness.     

电永磁吸盘在石油套管接箍切断机下料工序中的应用

针对石油套管生产过程中接箍切断岗位人员搬运接箍劳动强度大、存在安全隐患的问题，对生产工艺过程、电磁吸盘的原理和性能进行分析，采用电永磁吸盘设计了一种接箍自动下料装置。该装置可以根据设定进行电磁吸盘的充/退磁，实现整层接箍的抓取和卸料，整个过程实现一键自动下料，全程不需人工干预。现场生产应用表明，使用电永磁吸盘进行整层接箍下料，能大幅降低岗位员工的劳动强度，生产效率提高5%以上，减少了安全隐患，达到了预期目的。